杧果炭疽病菌 3 个果胶裂解酶基因序列特征及受漆酶基因Lac1 影响的分析

果胶裂解酶是炭疽菌在侵染寄主过程中降解寄主细胞壁的一类重要水解酶。本研究在杧果炭疽病菌中克隆获得了 3 个果胶裂解酶基因 Cgpel1、Cgpel2 和 Cgpel3，DNA 全长分别为 1 037、1 498、1 089 bp，cDNA 全长分别为 975、 1 380、978 bp，分别编码 324、459、325 个氨基酸，均含 1 个果胶裂解酶保守结构域，均有典型的信号肽，不存在跨膜结构。其二级结构中 α-螺旋分别占 16.05%、20.26%、16.92%，延伸链分别占 28.09%、21.79%、29.54%，β-转角分别占 5.86%、8.93%、7.38%，无规则卷曲分别占 50.00%、49.02%、46.15%。Cgpel1、Cgpel2 和 Cgpel3 的氨基酸序列分别与 C. tofieldiae（KZL77240.1）、草莓炭疽菌（C. gloeosporioides）（XP-007274932.1）、C. incanum（KZL84476.1）果胶裂解酶序列相似度在 93%以上。qRT-PCR 分析发现，3 个果胶裂解酶基因在整个侵染过程中均持续高效表达，但在漆酶基因 Lac1 敲除突变体中，表达均下降约 90%。可见 Cgpel1、Cgpel2 和 Cgpel3 是果胶裂解酶基因家族成员，序列差异较大，在侵染过程中起着重要的作用，且其表达受漆酶基因 Lac1 影响。     

Lycopene protects primary mouse cerebrocortical neurons against t-BHP-induced damage in vitro

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of lycopene on primary mouse cerebrocortical neurons exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and its mechanisms of in vitro.METHODS: Primary cerebrocortical neurons of newborn C57 mice were extracted and divided into normal group, t-BHP group, lycopene+t-BHP group and lycopene group. The neuronal damage was induced by t-BHP exposure for 24 h, and the cell viability was examined by MTT assay. ROS content was measured by flow cytometry, and the protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome C were examined by Western blot.RESULTS: The primary mouse cortical neurons expressed MAP-2 protein. Lycopene at concentration of 4 μmol/L reversed the decrease in cell viability. Flow cytometry revealed that lycopene treatment attenuated ROS content under the condition of t-BHP exposure. In addition, the protein level of Bcl-2 was increased, and the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome-C was suppressed in lycopene+t-BHP group.CONCLUSION: The protective effect of lycopene on cortical neurons with t-BHP-induced injury may be involved in the mechanism of neuronal antioxidative response by down-regulating caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.     

基于酶技术生产低黏度及超低黏度褐藻胶的工艺

为解决当前低黏度及超低黏度褐藻胶生产工艺中存在的不足,本实验以海带为原料,利用褐藻胶裂解酶降解制备低黏度及超低黏度褐藻胶,研究了分子量、p H、温度对黏度的影响,确定了碱消化的最佳条件,探究了酶解工艺中加酶量、酶解时间及原料的初始黏度对褐藻胶产品的影响。结果显示,通过控制加酶量(100~500 U/g),酶解30 min即可得到低黏度及超低黏度褐藻胶,其中加酶量为100~330 U/g时可得到低黏度褐藻胶,加酶量增加至330~500 U/g时,可得到超低黏度褐藻胶,且酶解法得到的褐藻胶样品分子量均一度高,工艺节水率高达10%~50%;同时研究发现酶解样品黏度与原料初始黏度相关性不大,只在较短时间内表现出相关性,该工艺具有较高的原料适用性。     

阴沟肠杆菌的Hy3AL和hycA部分基因克隆及序列分析

为了克隆氢化酶3大亚基（HyA3L）和甲酸氢酶抑制因子（hycA）,研究其在阴沟肠杆菌产氢代谢中的作用和机制,笔者利用CODEHOP设计阴沟肠杆菌NRRL B-414 HyA3L和hycA简并引物,选用引物HyA3J和HycAJ扩增基因组DNA,分别得到约1500、150 bp的PCR产物,该产物连接pMD18-T载体,并克隆转化至E.coli DH5α感受态细胞中,经筛选后测序。推导的HyA3J扩增产物氨基酸序列与Enterobacter sp. 638的HyA3L蛋白一致性最高达到99%,仅有3个氨基酸的差异,表明其为阴沟肠杆菌的HyA3L;推导的HycAJ扩增产物氨基酸序列与Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae ATCC 13047的HycA蛋白一致性最高达到92%,仅有4个氨基酸的差异,表明其为阴沟肠杆菌的hycA。通过以上分析可得出,采用CODEHOP程序设计的简并引物可信性强,阳性率高。阴沟肠杆菌NRRL B-414的氢化酶3大亚基和甲酸氢酶抑制因子部分基因的成功克隆,为通过代谢工程手段敲除氢化酶3大亚基和甲酸氢酶抑制因子的基因全长克隆奠定基础,不但增加了这2个基因的资源,也可为其基因敲除等代谢工程研究提供科学依据和工作基础。     

异柠檬酸裂解酶抑制剂对L-谷氨酸合成的影响

[目的]研究琥珀酸和苹果酸对L-谷氨酸合成的影响。[方法]以谷氨酸棒杆菌的典型茵株Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032为供试菌株,研究琥珀酸和苹果酸对细胞生长、L-谷氨酸的合成、发酵液中的残糖量以及细胞中异柠檬酸裂解酶活性的影响。[结果]琥珀酸对异柠檬酸裂解酶的活性具有部分抑制作用。在0-5．0g／L范围内,琥珀酸的添加提高了L-谷氨酸发酵的糖酸转化率,细胞生长和L-谷氨酸分泌受到抑制,残糖量增大。苹果酸的添加降低了异柠檬酸裂解酶的活性和L-谷氨酸的产量,残糖量和细胞生长没有明显的规律性变化。同时添加琥珀酸和苹果酸各2．0g/L时,异柠檬酸裂解酶的活性和细胞生长都有所下降,L-谷氨酸的产量和残糖量没有明显变化。[结论]添加琥珀酸增加了L-谷氨酸的产量,添加苹果酸则降低了L-谷氨酸的产量。     

用于生物质酶解过程的纤维素酶研究进展

纤维素酶解效率是木质纤维素经济、高效生化转化的限制瓶颈。该文讨论了影响纤维素酶酶解经济性与高效性的多个要素,如:高滤纸酶活菌株的选育、发酵、酶解机理、酶解影响因素及酶解混合体系的优化等。该文研究表明,纤维二糖水解酶可能是决定发酵体系中滤纸酶活高低的关键单酶组分,同时,该酶可能也是预处理后生物质酶解体系中决定滤纸酶活效率的关键单酶组分。酶解过程中关键限速反应的认识及关键限制因素形成机制的揭示将成为纤维素酶生化转化研究的重点,这些机理机制的建立可为构建高比活力纤维素酶提供理论依据。     

Response of in vitro obtained oil palm and interspecific OxG hybrids to inoculation with Phytophthora palmivora

Bud rot (BR) disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora is the most devastating disease in oil palm cultivation in America. Oil palms that survived BR epidemics were found in areas highly devastated by the disease; these palms were introduced into Cenipalma's in vitro micropropagation (cloning programme). A severity scale was developed for in vitro palms from five ortets inoculated with two different P. palmivora isolates. Then, eight ortets of Elaeis guineensis and two ortets of the OxG interspecific hybrid were evaluated in two inoculation trials under chamber growth conditions. The clone performance response was consistent with that reported in the field for the corresponding ortets, and two contrasting ortets, one susceptible (ortet 57) and one resistant (ortet 34) were identified. We monitored and compared defence responses to P. palmivora in the contrasting ortets. An increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after inoculation with the pathogen was observed, with higher accumulation of H₂O₂ in the resistant plants. Catalase (CAT) activity in resistant plants increased after inoculation with the pathogen from 24 hr post‐infection (hpi) and remained high during the observation time. In the susceptible ortets, there was a significant increase on catalase activity only at 48 hpi. Peroxidase (POS) activity increased in clones from both susceptible and resistant ortets, but the increase was much greater in the susceptible ones. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity increased in response to inoculation, and these increases were greater in clones of the susceptible ortet than in clones of the resistant ortet.     

新疆棉花品种次生代谢酶活性与诱导抗蚜性的关系

为了明确不同棉花品种次生代谢酶活性与诱导抗蚜性的关系,研究了不同类型棉花品种在棉蚜为害胁迫下,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的变化及其对抗蚜性的影响。结果表明,未受蚜害时不同品种同一酶活性存在显著差异;受蚜害诱导后,抗蚜品种和感蚜品种3种酶活性均有不同程度的上升,抗蚜品种酶活性显著高于感蚜品种,诱导抗蚜性的强弱在不同品种间差异显著。     

褐环黏盖牛肝菌异柠檬酸裂解酶和苹果酸合酶活性的研究

为了探明褐环黏盖牛肝菌的草酸代谢途径,研究了pH值、反应温度对褐环黏盖牛肝菌异柠檬酸裂解酶（ICL）和苹果酸合酶（MS）的活性的影响。结果表明,酶促反应褐环黏盖牛肝菌ICL最适pH值为5.6,其最大活性为4.37 U/g FW;MS的最适pH值为7.0,其最大活性为3.57 U/g FW; ICL最适反应温度为30℃, MS最适反应温度为35℃; K+, Na+, Mg2+三种金属离子中, Mg2+对ICL活性具有明显的激活作用,而Na+对MS的活性具有明显的激活作用。